This module outlines the roles tropical wetlands play in climate change adaptation and mitigation. Wetlands are important in a carbon global balance since they store a very high level and quality of carbon, are a source of methane (CH4), and wetlands cover in the tropic is high. However, peatlands are also facing huge pressure from land-use change. Mitigation could be more strategic if synergized with adaptation strategies. South and Southeast Asia offer a significant opportunity for adaptation and mitigation through wetland ecosystems.